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发表日期： 1994 Sep
英文标题： Bacterial gene transfer by natural genetic transformation in the environment.[全文]
中文标题： 通过自然遗传转化在环境中的细菌基因转移。
论文作者： Lorenz, M G; Wackernagel, W
英文摘要： Natural genetic transformation is the active uptake of free DNA by bacterial cells and the heritable incorporation of its genetic information. Since the famous discovery of transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Griffith in 1928 and the demonstration of DNA as the transforming principle by Avery and coworkers in 1944, cellular processes involved in transformation have been studied extensively by in vitro experimentation with a few transformable species. Only more recently has it been considered that transformation may be a powerful mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in natural bacterial populations. In this review the current understanding of the biology of transformation is summarized to provide the platform on which aspects of bacterial transformation in water, soil, and sediments and the habitat of pathogens are discussed. Direct and indirect evidence for gene transfer routes by transformation within species and between different species will be presented, along with data suggesting that plasmids as well as chromosomal DNA are subject to genetic exchange via transformation. Experiments exploring the prerequisites for transformation in the environment, including the production and persistence of free DNA and factors important for the uptake of DNA by cells, will be compiled, as well as possible natural barriers to transformation. The efficiency of gene transfer by transformation in bacterial habitats is possibly genetically adjusted to submaximal levels. The fact that natural transformation has been detected among bacteria from all trophic and taxonomic groups including archaebacteria suggests that transformability evolved early in phylogeny. Probable functions of DNA uptake other than gene acquisition will be discussed. The body of information presently available suggests that transformation has a great impact on bacterial population dynamics as well as on bacterial evolution and speciation.
中文摘要： 自然遗传转化是细菌细胞对游离DNA的主动摄取及其遗传信息的可遗传整合。自从1928年格里菲斯 (Griffith) 在肺炎链球菌中发现了著名的转化方法，以及1944年艾弗里及其同事证明了DNA作为转化原理以来，通过体外实验对一些可转化物种进行了广泛的细胞过程研究。直到最近，人们才认为转化可能是天然细菌种群中水平基因转移的有力机制。在这篇综述中，总结了目前对转化生物学的理解，以提供一个平台，在该平台上讨论了水，土壤和沉积物中细菌转化的各个方面以及病原体的栖息地。将提供通过物种内部和不同物种之间的转化进行基因转移途径的直接和间接证据，以及表明质粒以及染色体DNA通过转化进行遗传交换的数据。将汇编探索环境中转化的先决条件的实验，包括游离DNA的产生和持久性以及细胞吸收DNA的重要因素，以及可能的自然转化障碍。在细菌栖息地中通过转化进行基因转移的效率可能会在遗传上调整到最大水平。已在包括古细菌在内的所有营养和分类群的细菌中检测到自然转化的事实表明，可转化性在系统发育的早期就已发展。将讨论除基因获取以外的DNA摄取的可能功能。目前可获得的大量信息表明，转化对细菌种群动态以及细菌进化和物种形成具有重大影响。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 使用悉尼分类系统对阿拉伯联合酋长国的慢性胃炎进行组织学研究。
论文作者： Zaitoun, A M
英文摘要： AIMS--To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in five main nationality groups with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and non-ulcer dyspepsia; and to determine the histopathological types of gastritis and assess the graded variables of Helicobacter associated gastritis. METHODS--Gastric antral and corpus biopsy specimens from 437 patients were examined for the prevalence of H pylori, 337 of which were classified and graded histologically according to the Sydney system. RESULTS--The overall colonisation rate of H pylori was 90%, and there was no significant difference between groups of different ethnic origins. The colonisation rates were 99%, 89%, and 78% in patients with duodenal ulcer, non-ulcer dyspepsia, and gastric ulcer, respectively. Helicobacter associated gastritis was the most common form of chronic gastritis (87%). H pylori density was greater in the antrum than the body. Gastric atrophy in helicobacter associated gastritis was seen in 54% of the cases (43% grade I, 10% grade II, 1% grade III) and increased the older the patients. Atrophy of the corpus alone was very rare (1%). Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were more prevalent in patients with gastric ulcer than duodenal ulcer. CONCLUSION--The colonisation rate of H pylori was similar in the five groups studied and was almost invariably present in gastric biopsy specimens in patients with duodenal ulcer. H pylori associated gastritis was the most common form of gastritis. Atrophy was mainly of low grade and increased the older the patient.Images:
中文摘要： 目的-确定胃溃疡，十二指肠溃疡和非溃疡性消化不良的五个主要民族人群中幽门螺杆菌的患病率; 并确定胃炎的组织病理学类型并评估幽门螺杆菌相关胃炎的分级变量。方法-检查了437例患者的胃窦和胃体活检标本中幽门螺杆菌的患病率，其中337根据悉尼系统进行了组织学分类和分级。结果-幽门螺杆菌的总体定植率为90%，并且不同种族之间没有显着差异。十二指肠溃疡，非溃疡性消化不良和胃溃疡患者的定植率分别为99%，89% 和78%。幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎是慢性胃炎 (87%) 的最常见形式。胃窦的幽门螺杆菌密度大于身体。在54% 例病例 (43% I级，10% II级，1% III级) 中发现了与幽门螺杆菌相关的胃炎的胃萎缩，并且随着年龄的增长而增加。仅体萎缩非常罕见 (1%)。胃溃疡患者的萎缩和肠化生比十二指肠溃疡更普遍。结论-幽门螺杆菌的定植率在所研究的五组中相似，并且在十二指肠溃疡患者的胃活检标本中几乎总是存在。幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎是最常见的胃炎形式。萎缩主要是低度的，并且随着患者年龄的增加而增加。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 原位杂交用于鉴定石蜡包埋组织中的幽门螺杆菌。
论文作者： Bashir, M S; Lewis, F A; Quirke, P; Lee, A; Dixon, M F
英文摘要： A method for identifying Helicobacter pylori using a non-isotopic in situ hybridisation technique is described. A probe generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers directed against parts of the Helicobacter pylori 16SrRNA sequence was used. Paraffin wax embedded gastric biopsy specimens from patients with and without gastritis were hybridised with the probe, and the method was shown to be sensitive and specific for H pylori.Images:
中文摘要： 描述了一种使用非同位素原位杂交技术鉴定幽门螺杆菌的方法。使用针对幽门螺杆菌16srrna序列部分的引物通过聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 产生的探针。将来自患有和不患有胃炎的患者的石蜡包埋的胃活检标本与探针杂交，该方法对幽门螺杆菌具有敏感性和特异性。图像:
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 通过随机扩增多态性DNA分析快速区分结核分枝杆菌菌株。
论文作者： Linton, C J; Jalal, H; Leeming, J P; Millar, M R
英文摘要： Investigations of the epidemiology of tuberculosis have been hampered by the lack of strain-specific markers that can be used to differentiate isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report the development of a rapid protocol for random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis which included the use of a commercially available DNA extraction kit (GeneReleaser). This was applied to 14 strains of M. tuberculosis, including strains associated with temporal and geographical clusters of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom and those from India, Africa, and Saudi Arabia. Strains of M. tuberculosis could be discriminated in about 8 h by this method, which is therefore a rapid and simple alternative to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Images:
中文摘要： 缺乏可用于区分结核分枝杆菌分离株的菌株特异性标记物，阻碍了对结核病流行病学的研究。我们报告了用于随机扩增多态性DNA分析的快速方案的开发，其中包括使用市售的DNA提取试剂盒 (GeneReleaser)。这适用于14株结核分枝杆菌，包括与英国和印度，非洲和沙特阿拉伯的结核病的时间和地理簇相关的菌株。通过这种方法可以在大约8小时内区分结核分枝杆菌菌株，因此是限制性片段长度多态性分析的一种快速而简单的替代方法。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： M蛋白和F蛋白是皮肤组织中化脓性链球菌细胞特异性嗜性的重要决定因素。
论文作者： Okada, N; Pentland, A P; Falk, P; Caparon, M G
英文摘要： The pathogenic gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) causes numerous diseases of cutaneous tissue, each of which is initiated after the interaction of the bacterium with the cells of the epidermis. In this study, we show that different surface proteins of S. pyogenes play important roles in determining the cell-specific tropism of the bacterium in skin. Using streptococcal strains with defined mutations in the genes which encode surface proteins in combination with primary cultures of human skin and an in situ adherence assay which uses histological sections of human skin, we show that the M protein of S. pyogenes mediates the binding of the bacterium to keratinocytes, while a second streptococcal surface protein, protein F, directs the adherence of the organism to Langerhans' cells. Characterization of binding revealed that adherence was inhibited by purified streptococcal proteins and pretreatment of both host cells with the protease trypsin. Adherence was only slightly affected by the state of keratinocyte differentiation in vitro, but was considerably modulated in response to environmental conditions known to regulate expression of M protein and protein F, suggesting that the interaction between these bacterial cell-surface structures/adhesins and keratinocytes and Langerhans' cells may play an important role in streptococcal skin disease.Images:
中文摘要： 致病性革兰氏阳性细菌化脓性链球菌 (A组链球菌) 引起许多皮肤组织疾病，每种疾病都是在细菌与表皮细胞相互作用后引发的。在这项研究中，我们表明化脓性链球菌的不同表面蛋白在确定细菌在皮肤中的细胞特异性嗜性方面起着重要作用。使用在编码表面蛋白的基因中具有确定突变的链球菌菌株与人皮肤的原代培养物相结合，并使用人皮肤的组织学切片进行原位粘附测定，我们显示S的M蛋白。化脓性介导细菌与角质形成细胞的结合，而第二种链球菌表面蛋白，蛋白质F，指导生物体粘附到朗格汉斯细胞。结合的表征表明，纯化的链球菌蛋白和用蛋白酶胰蛋白酶预处理两种宿主细胞均抑制了粘附。粘附仅受体外角质形成细胞分化状态的轻微影响，但在响应已知调节M蛋白和F蛋白表达的环境条件时受到相当大的调节，表明这些细菌细胞表面结构/粘附素与角质形成细胞和朗格汉斯细胞之间的相互作用可能在链球菌性皮肤病中起重要作用。图像:
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 胃pH对幽门螺杆菌引起的胃肠道仔猪尿素酶依赖性定植的影响。
论文作者： Eaton, K A; Krakowka, S
英文摘要： Thirty-seven gnotobiotic piglets from seven litters were infected with either Helicobacter pylori N6 or urease-negative H. pylori N6ureG::Km which contains an insertion in the ureG gene and produces inactive urease. To produce achlorhydria, piglets were treated throughout the experiment with omeprazole (5 mg intravenously every 12 h) and ranitidine (75 mg orally every 6 h). Treatment resulted in elevation of gastric pH to 7.0 +/- 1.1 throughout the experiment. Control piglets were not treated and remained normochlorhydric. Strain N6 colonized well in both normal and achlorhydric piglets. All 10 piglets were colonized, and colonization ranged from 4.4 +/- 1.5 log10 CFU/g of gastric mucosa in normochlorhydric piglets sacrificed after 2 days to 6.9 +/- 0.5 log10 CFU/g in normochlorhydric piglets sacrificed after 5 days. Strain N6ureG::Km did not colonize any of seven normochlorhydric piglets and was recovered only in low numbers (< 100 CFU/g) from four of nine achlorhydric piglets. In the second experiment, piglets were coinoculated with both strains N6 and N6ureG::Km. Coinoculation did not affect colonization by urease-positive N6. Urease-deficient N6ureG::Km was unable to colonize even in the presence of urease-positive bacteria. These results confirm that urease enzymatic activity (and not urease protein) is essential for colonization, that this effect is independent of diffusible products of urea metabolism, and that gastric pH protection is not a major role of urease in promoting colonization by H. pylori.
中文摘要： 来自7窝的37头gnotobiotic仔猪感染了幽门螺杆菌N6或尿素酶阴性的幽门螺杆菌N6ureG::Km，其中包含ureG基因中的插入物并产生无活性的尿素酶。为了产生胃酸缺乏，在整个实验中用奥美拉唑 (每12小时静脉注射5 mg) 和雷尼替丁 (每6小时口服75 mg) 治疗仔猪。在整个实验中，治疗导致胃pH升高至7.0 /- 1.1。对照小猪不进行处理，保持正常的含氯量。菌株N6在正常和无缺陷的仔猪中均很好地定殖。所有10只仔猪都被定植，定植范围从2天后处死的正常含氯仔猪的胃粘膜的4.4 /- 1.5 log10cfu/g到5天后处死的正常含氯仔猪的胃粘膜的6.9 /- 0.5 log10cfu/g。N6ureG::Km菌株未在7头正常氯仔猪中定殖，仅从9头无氯仔猪中的4头中回收了少量 (< 100 CFU/g)。在第二个实验中，将仔猪与菌株N6和N6ureG::Km共同接种。共接种不影响脲酶阳性n6的定植。脲酶缺陷型N6ureG::Km即使在存在脲酶阳性细菌的情况下也无法定殖。这些结果证实，脲酶的酶活性 (而不是脲酶蛋白) 对于定植至关重要，这种作用与尿素代谢的可扩散产物无关，并且胃pH保护不是脲酶在促进幽门螺杆菌定植中的主要作用。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌脂多糖与基底膜蛋白层粘连蛋白的相互作用。
论文作者： Valkonen, K H; Wadström, T; Moran, A P
英文摘要： The ability of hemagglutinating and poorly hemagglutinating strains of the gastroduodenal pathogen Helicobacter pylori to bind 125I-radiolabelled laminin was quantitated in a liquid phase assay. Although all strains bound laminin, some hemagglutinating strains were good binders of laminin (maximum of 31% binding), whereas poorly hemagglutinating strains bound intermediate to small amounts of laminin (minimum of 6% binding). Since a hydrophobic component of the bacterium has been reported to be involved in binding of laminin (T. J. Trust, P. Doig, L. Emödy, Z. Kienle, T. Wadström, and P. O'Toole, Infect. Immun. 59:4398-4404, 1991), we investigated the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the interaction of both types of strains with laminin. Although the extent of inhibition varied among strains, laminin binding to hemagglutinating and poorly hemagglutinating strains was inhibited with homologous and heterologous smooth-form LPS. The ability of heterologous rough-form LPS to produce inhibition comparable to that shown by smooth-form LPS indicated that the O side chain of H. pylori LPS was not involved in the interaction. Further inhibition experiments with dephosphorylated LPS, isolated core oligosaccharide, and free lipid A suggested that a phosphorylated structure in the core oligosaccharide mediates the interaction of a hemagglutinating strain of H. pylori with laminin, whereas a conserved nonphosphorylated structure in the core oligosaccharide mediates the interaction of a poorly hemagglutinating strain. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction of H. pylori LPS with 125I-radiolabelled laminin in a solid phase assay was saturable, specific, and inhibitable with unlabelled laminin. It was postulated that the initial recognition and binding of laminin by H. pylori may occur through LPS and that subsequently a more specific interaction with a lectin-like adhesin on the bacterial surface occurs.
中文摘要： 在液相测定中定量了胃十二指肠病原体幽门螺杆菌的血凝和血凝不良菌株结合125i放射性标记的层粘连蛋白的能力。尽管所有菌株都与层粘连蛋白结合，但一些血凝菌株是层粘连蛋白的良好结合物 (31% 结合的最大值)，而血凝不良的菌株与少量层粘连蛋白的中间结合 (6% 结合的最小值)。由于据报道细菌的疏水成分参与层粘连蛋白的结合 (T.J.信任，P。Doig, L.艾默迪，Z。Kienle, T.Wadstr ö m和P.奥图尔，感染。Immun.59:4398-4404，1991)，我们研究了脂多糖 (LPS) 在两种类型的菌株与层粘连蛋白相互作用中的作用。尽管抑制程度在菌株之间有所不同，但层粘连蛋白与血凝性和不良血凝性菌株的结合被同源和异源光滑型LPS抑制。异源粗糙形式LPS产生抑制的能力与光滑形式LPS显示的抑制相当，表明幽门螺杆菌LPS的O侧链不参与相互作用。用去磷酸化的LPS，分离的核心寡糖和游离脂质A进行的进一步抑制实验表明，核心寡糖中的磷酸化结构介导幽门螺杆菌血凝菌株与层粘连蛋白的相互作用，而核心寡糖中保守的非磷酸化结构介导血凝不良菌株的相互作用。此外，我们表明，在固相测定中，幽门螺杆菌LPS与125i放射性标记的层粘连蛋白的相互作用是可饱和的，特异性的，并且可被未标记的层粘连蛋白抑制。据推测，幽门螺杆菌对层粘连蛋白的初始识别和结合可能通过LPS发生，并且随后与细菌表面上的凝集素样粘附素发生更特异性的相互作用。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 15年来慢性胃炎患病率的下降: 1977年，1985和1992芬兰门诊患者系列分析。
论文作者： Sipponen, P; Helske, T; Järvinen, P; Hyvärinen, H; Seppälä, K; Siurala, M
英文摘要： To investigate whether the occurrence of chronic gastritis (and Helicobacter pylori acquisition) has changed in Finland in the past 15 years, the prevalence rates of chronic gastritis in biopsy specimens in consecutive series of outpatients (aged 20 or more) who had undergone diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 1977 (702 patients), 1985 (1309 patients), or 1992 (1447 patients) were compared. The prevalences of gastritis in these series were also compared with that in a random sample (438 subjects) of people who underwent endoscopy in 1974-76. It seemed that the prevalence of gastritis was significantly lower in the outpatients in 1992 than in the random endoscopy sample in 1974-76. The reduction was most noticeable in young age groups (20-49 years) in which the decline was 38% (drop from 66% to 41%). In addition, it seemed that the prevalence of gastritis was very dissimilar in different birth cohorts. The prevalence was high (70-80%) in 1977, 1985, and 1992 in the cohorts born at the beginning of the century and lower (40-50%) in those born during later decades. The prevalence rates had remained unchanged in the same cohorts over the 15 years (from 1977 to 1992) suggesting that the people had mainly been infected with H pylori and contracted gastritis before the age of 20. In conclusion, gastritis is a cohort phenomenon and its prevalence has fallen in Finland in the last 15 years. This decrease is caused by a decline of the rate of H pylori acquisition in birth cohorts, particularly in childhood and adolescence (below age of 20).
中文摘要： 为了调查在过去的15年中，芬兰的慢性胃炎 (和幽门螺杆菌感染) 的发生率是否发生了变化，在连续的一系列门诊患者 (20岁或20岁以上) 的活检标本中慢性胃炎的患病率1977年进行了诊断性上消化道内窥镜检查 (702例患者)，1985(1309例患者) 或1992 (1447例患者) 进行了比较。还将这些系列中胃炎的发病率与1974接受内窥镜检查的人的随机样本 (438名受试者) 进行了比较。似乎1992年门诊患者的胃炎患病率明显低于1974年的随机内窥镜检查样本。减少在年轻年龄组 (20-49岁) 中最为明显，其中下降幅度38% (从66% 岁降至41% 岁)。此外，在不同的出生队列中，胃炎的患病率似乎非常不同。1977年，1985和1992的患病率很高 (70-80%)，在本世纪初出生的人群中，患病率较低 (40-50%)。在过去的15年中 (从1977到1992年)，同一队列的患病率保持不变，这表明人们主要在20岁之前感染了幽门螺杆菌并感染了胃炎。总之，胃炎是一种队列现象，在过去的15年中，其患病率在芬兰有所下降。这种下降是由于出生队列中幽门螺杆菌感染率的下降，特别是在儿童期和青春期 (20岁以下)。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
英文标题： Histological assessment of the Sydney classification of endoscopic gastritis.[全文]
中文标题： 内镜胃炎悉尼分类的组织学评估。
论文作者： Khakoo, S I; Lobo, A J; Shepherd, N A; Wilkinson, S P
英文摘要： To determine the significance of the endoscopic classification of gastritis proposed by a working party at the World Congress of Gastroenterology in Sydney 1990, 167 patients undergoing upper alimentary endoscopy were prospectively assessed by comprehensive endoscopic and histological methods. Ninety eight patients had endoscopic mucosal changes of gastritis according to the Sydney classification. Twenty six (27%) of these had histologically normal biopsy specimens. This was not statistically significantly different to the 26 (38%) of 69 with normal endoscopies whose biopsy specimens were histologically normal (chi 2 = 1.857, p > 0.1). Forty three (62.5%) patients with normal endoscopies had histological gastritis. No histological counterpart was found for the macroscopic appearances of the gastric mucosa said to show inflammation proposed by the Sydney classification of gastritis. These findings confirm the inappropriateness of an endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis and it is suggested such a term should be reserved for the histological findings.
中文摘要： 为了确定1990在悉尼举行的世界胃肠病学大会上的一个工作组提出的胃炎内镜分类的重要性，我们通过全面的内镜和组织学方法对167例接受上消化道内镜检查的患者进行了前瞻性评估。根据悉尼分类，98例患者有胃炎的内镜粘膜改变。其中26 (27%) 例具有组织学正常的活检标本。这与69例内镜检查正常的26例 (38%) 在组织学上正常 (chi 2 = 1.857，p> 0.1) 无统计学差异。43例 (62.5%) 内镜检查正常的患者患有组织学胃炎。对于胃粘膜的宏观外观，没有发现组织学对应物，据说显示出悉尼胃炎分类提出的炎症。这些发现证实了内镜诊断胃炎的不适当性，建议将该术语保留用于组织学发现。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌及其脂肪酸与壁细胞和胃H /K( )-atp酶的相互作用。
论文作者： Beil, W; Birkholz, C; Wagner, S; Sewing, K F
英文摘要： Helicobacter pylori and the fatty acids produced by this organism were compared for their acid inhibitory activity in isolated parietal cells and their interaction with gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase. H pylori (intact organisms, sonicates, methanolic extracts, and extracts from culture medium) and the fatty acids cis 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid inhibited at fairly high concentrations histamine- and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulated acid production in isolated parietal cells, dissipated (with a slow onset) the H+/K(+)-ATPase created H+ gradient in gastric membrane vesicles, and inhibited H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory potency of H pylori and the fatty acids in relation to H+/K(+)-ATPase depended on the amount of membrane protein. Bovine serum albumin prevented enzyme inhibition and proton dissipation from gastric vesicles. The data indicate that H pylori establishes its antisecretory action in parietal cells by blocking H+/K(+)-ATPase activity and also by a detergent action at the apical parietal cell membrane. The fatty acids cis 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid are probably the acid inhibitory factors secreted by H pylori.
中文摘要： 比较了幽门螺杆菌和该生物产生的脂肪酸在分离的壁细胞中的酸抑制活性以及它们与胃H /K( )-ATPase的相互作用。幽门螺杆菌 (完整的生物，超声波，甲醇提取物和培养基提取物) 和脂肪酸顺式9，10-亚甲基十八烷酸和十四烷酸在相当高的浓度下被抑制组胺和二丁酰环腺苷一磷酸刺激分离的壁细胞中的酸产生，消散 (起效缓慢) the H /K( )-ATPase在胃膜囊泡中产生H梯度，并以浓度依赖性方式抑制H /K( )-ATPase活性。幽门螺杆菌和脂肪酸对H /K( )-ATPase的抑制效力取决于膜蛋白的量。牛血清白蛋白可防止胃小泡中的酶抑制和质子消散。数据表明，幽门螺杆菌通过阻断H /K( )-ATPase活性以及在顶壁细胞膜上的去污剂作用，在壁细胞中建立了其抗分泌作用。脂肪酸顺式9，10-亚甲基十八烷酸和十四烷酸可能是幽门螺杆菌分泌的酸抑制因子。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 粘膜适应阿司匹林诱导的人类胃损伤。血流、胃粘膜生长和中性粒细胞活化的研究。
论文作者： Konturek, J W; Dembinski, A; Stoll, R; Domschke, W; Konturek, S J
英文摘要： The gastropathy associated with the ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin is a common side effect of this class of drugs, but the precise mechanisms by which they cause mucosal damage have not been fully explained. During continued use of an injurious substance, such as aspirin, the extent of gastric mucosal damage decreases and this phenomenon is named gastric adaptation. To assess the extent of mucosal damage by aspirin and subsequent adaptation the effects of 14 days of continuous, oral administration of aspirin (2 g per day) to eight healthy male volunteers was studied. To estimate the rate of mucosal damage, gastroscopy was performed before (day 0) and at days 3, 7, 14 of aspirin treatment. Gastric microbleeding and gastric mucosal blood flow were measured using laser Doppler flowmeter and mucosal biopsy specimens were taken for the estimation of tissue DNA synthesis and RNA and DNA concentration. In addition, the activation of neutrophils in peripheral blood was assessed by measuring their ability to associate with platelets. Aspirin induced acute damage mainly in gastric corpus, reaching at day 3 about 3.5 on the endoscopic Lanza score but lessened to about 1.5 at day 14 pointing to the occurrence of gastric adaptation. Mucosal blood flow increased at day 3 by about 50% in the gastric corpus and by 88% in the antrum. The in vitro DNA synthesis and RNA concentration, an index of mucosal growth, were reduced at day 3 but then increased to reach about 150% of initial value at the end of aspirin treatment. It is concluded that the treatment with aspirin in humans induces gastric adaptation to this agent, which entails the increase in mucosal blood flow, the rise in neutrophil activation, and the enhancement in mucosal growth.
中文摘要： 与摄入非甾体抗炎药 (nsaid) 如阿司匹林相关的胃病是这类药物的常见副作用，但它们引起粘膜损伤的确切机制尚未得到充分解释。在持续使用有害物质如阿司匹林的过程中，胃粘膜损伤的程度降低，这种现象被称为胃适应。为了评估阿司匹林对粘膜的损害程度以及随后的适应性，研究了对八名健康男性志愿者连续14天口服阿司匹林 (每天2 g) 的影响。为了估计粘膜损伤的发生率，在阿司匹林治疗之前 (第0天) 和第3、7、14天进行胃镜检查。使用激光多普勒流量计测量胃微出血和胃粘膜血流量，并采集粘膜活检标本以估算组织DNA合成以及RNA和DNA浓度。此外，通过测量其与血小板结合的能力来评估外周血中嗜中性粒细胞的活化。阿司匹林主要在胃体中引起急性损伤，在第3天达到内窥镜Lanza评分的约3.5，但在第14天减轻至约1.5，表明发生了胃适应。第3天，胃体的粘膜血流量增加了约50%，胃窦的粘膜血流量增加了88%。体外DNA合成和RNA浓度 (粘膜生长的指标) 在第3天降低，但随后在阿司匹林治疗结束时增加到初始值的约150%。结论是，在人类中使用阿司匹林会诱导胃对该药物的适应，从而导致粘膜血流量增加，嗜中性粒细胞活化增加以及粘膜生长增强。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
英文标题： Studies on the enteropathy associated with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.[全文]
中文标题： 原发性低丙种球蛋白血症相关肠病的研究。
论文作者： Teahon, K; Webster, A D; Price, A B; Weston, J; Bjarnason, I
英文摘要： Twelve patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia with diarrhoea not associated with known microbial pathogens were investigated. Histological evidence of inflammation was common in the stomach and jejunum. Moreover, eight of 10 patients undergoing colonoscopy had low grade 'microscopic colitis' with raised intraepithelial lymphocytes and an intact crypt architecture. Five of 12 patients had small intestinal inflammation on 111indium leucocyte scintigrams and all had increased faecal excretion (normal < 1%) of 111indium (over four days), which varied in intensity from mild (faecal excretion of 111indium = 1-3%) to that comparable with moderately active (7-14.5%) Crohn's disease. Three patients had small intestinal strictures superficially resembling Crohn's disease. Histologically, however, these lacked characteristic diagnostic features of Crohn's disease in two and the third patient had non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced diaphragm like strictures. Six of seven who were most severely symptomatic were successfully treated with an elemental diet with rapid improvement of symptoms. The faecal excretion of 111indium was repeated in five and all improved but histologically the colitis remained unchanged. These studies show that some patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia have intestinal inflammation unlike that found in classic inflammatory bowel disease. Elemental diet is a useful temporary measure in the treatment of these patients.Images: Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4
中文摘要： 研究了12例原发性低丙种球蛋白血症伴腹泻的患者，这些腹泻与已知的微生物病原体无关。炎症的组织学证据在胃和空肠中很常见。此外，接受结肠镜检查的10名患者中有8名患有低度 “微观结肠炎”，上皮内淋巴细胞升高，隐窝结构完整。12名患者中有5名在111铟白细胞闪烁图上患有小肠炎症，并且所有患者的粪便排泄增加 (正常 <1%) 111铟 (超过四天)，其强度从轻度变化 (111铟的粪便排泄 = 1-3%) 与中度活动性 (7-14.5%) 克罗恩病相当。三名患者的小肠狭窄表面上类似于克罗恩病。然而，从组织学上讲，这些缺乏克罗恩病的特征性诊断特征，其中两名患者和第三名患者患有非甾体类抗炎药引起的diaphragm肌样狭窄。症状最严重的7人中有6人成功接受了基本饮食治疗，症状迅速改善。111铟的粪便排泄在五次中重复，并且全部改善，但在组织学上结肠炎保持不变。这些研究表明，一些原发性低丙种球蛋白血症患者的肠道炎症与经典炎症性肠病不同。元素饮食是治疗这些患者的一种有用的临时措施。图片: 图1图2图3图4
发表日期： 1994 Sep
英文标题： In vitro acetaldehyde formation by human colonic bacteria.[全文]
中文标题： 人结肠细菌体外乙醛形成。
论文作者： Jokelainen, K; Roine, R P; Väänänen, H; Färkkilä, M; Salaspuro, M
英文摘要： Incubation of human colonic contents with various ethanol concentrations (2.75-44 mM) in vitro at 37 degrees C resulted in significant accumulation of acetaldehyde--a toxic and highly reactive compound. At pH 9.6, all samples produced notable acetaldehyde concentrations (58 (13) microM; mean (SEM)) even from the lowest (2.75 mM) ethanol concentration, and the production of acetaldehyde increased lin-early with rising ethanol concentration (r = 0.97; p < 0.005), reaching a peak concentration of 238 (37) microM at 44 mM ethanol. The formation of acetaldehyde took place rapidly, as almost 50% of acetaldehyde formed during the total eight hour incubation was detectable after one hour, and 75% of the total after four hours. Maximal acetaldehyde production from 22 mM ethanol occurred at pH 9.6 (160 (35) microM) but appreciable concentrations were also seen at pH 7.4 (110 (38) microM) and pH 6.0 (63 (19) microM). At pH 4.0, by contrast, acetaldehyde formation was negligible (17 (5) microM). 4-Methylpyrazole, a potent inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, showed a decreasing effect on acetaldehyde production in vitro but first at a concentration of 100 mM. Considerable acetaldehyde production by human colonic bacteria--if it occurs also in vivo--could constitute a risk factor for rectal cancer in heavy drinkers and also provide a pathogenetic mechanism for alcohol induced diarrhoea.
中文摘要： 在37摄氏度下，将人结肠内容物与各种乙醇浓度 (2.75至44 mM) 在体外孵育会导致乙醛的大量积累，乙醛是一种有毒且高度反应性的化合物。在pH 9.6时，所有样品产生显著的乙醛浓度 (58 (13) microM; 平均值 (SEM))，甚至从最低 (2.75 mM) 乙醇浓度，和乙醛的生产增加林早期乙醇浓度升高 (r = 0.97; p <0.005)。达到238的峰值浓度(37) 在44 mm乙醇下的microM。乙醛的形成迅速发生，因为在总共8小时温育期间形成的乙醛几乎50% 在1小时后可检测到，并且在4小时后可检测到总量的75%。22 mM乙醇的最大乙醛产量发生在pH 9.6 (160 (35) microM)，但在pH 7.4 (110 (38) microM) 和pH 6.0 (63 (19) microM) 也观察到明显的浓度。相反，在pH为4.0时，乙醛的形成可以忽略不计 (17 (5) μ m)。4-甲基吡唑，一种有效的乙醇脱氢酶抑制剂，在体外显示出对乙醛产生的降低作用，但首先是在100 mM的浓度下。人类结肠细菌产生大量的乙醛-如果它也在体内发生-可能构成酗酒者直肠癌的危险因素，也为酒精引起的腹泻提供了致病机制。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
英文标题： Nutritional requirements for growth of Helicobacter pylori.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌生长的营养需求。
论文作者： Nedenskov, P
英文摘要： A chemically defined medium consisting of a buffered mineral base supplemented with amino acids, a purine, and thiamine supported growth of 23 clinical isolates and the type strain of Helicobacter pylori. The growth of four strains was inhibited by the presence of certain amino acids. All but one strain required alanine for growth. The amino acids leucine, valine, phenylalanine, methionine, arginine, and histidine were generally required. Isoleucine either was required or stimulated growth. Strains could be differentiated into groups on the basis of a requirement for one or more of the amino acids cysteine, serine, and proline. Only one strain however, demonstrated a requirement for all three of these amino acids.
中文摘要： 一种化学成分确定的培养基，由补充有氨基酸，嘌呤和硫胺素的缓冲矿物基质组成，可支持23种临床分离株和幽门螺杆菌类型菌株的生长。某些氨基酸的存在抑制了四种菌株的生长。除了一种菌株外，所有菌株的生长都需要丙氨酸。通常需要氨基酸亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸。需要异亮氨酸或刺激生长。基于对氨基酸半胱氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸中的一种或多种的需求，可以将菌株区分成组。然而，只有一种菌株证明需要所有这三种氨基酸。
发表日期： 1994 Sep
中文标题： 壁细胞迷走神经切断术或选择性迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡后20年。最终报告。
论文作者： Jordan, P H; Thornby, J
英文摘要： OBJECTIVE: This study was a prospective, randomized evaluation of parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) and selective vagotomy-antrectomy (SV-A) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. BACKGROUND DATA: Operative treatment of duodenal ulcer is associated with mortality and mechanical and metabolic morbidity. At the time that surgeons appear to have succeeded in developing operations with low morbidity and mortality, the number of patients requiring elective operation has decreased partly because of the simultaneous, dramatic improvement in medical therapy. Nevertheless, surgical therapy still is important, especially in certain socioeconomic environments. METHODS: After a pilot study of PCV, 200 patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized to PCV or SV-A. One surgeon was responsible for the operations and follow-up studies. An attempt was made to evaluate all patients annually in the hospital. Gastric analyses were performed on each visit, for which the patient gave his/her consent. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. The recurrence rate-by-life table analysis was less (p < 0.003) after SV-A than PCV. Dumping was greater (p < 0.001), and there was no difference in the frequency of diarrhea after SV-A compared with PCV. The percentage of patients with grades Visick I or Visick II was not different for the two operations, but more patients were graded Visick I after PCV than after SV-A. CONCLUSIONS: Selective vagotomy-antrectomy and parietal cell vagotomy are effective and safe operations, when used appropriately. Selective vagotomy-antrectomy is preferable for patients with pyloric and prepyloric ulcers and pyloric obstruction. Parietal cell vagotomy is the authors' choice for duodenal ulcer patients because of the occasional patient who becomes disabled by SV-A.
中文摘要： 目的: 本研究是对壁细胞迷走神经切断术 (PCV) 和选择性迷走神经切断术 (sv-a) 治疗十二指肠溃疡的前瞻性，随机评估。背景数据: 十二指肠溃疡的手术治疗与死亡率以及机械和代谢发病率有关。在外科医生似乎已经成功地开发出低发病率和死亡率的手术时，需要择期手术的患者数量有所减少，部分原因是药物治疗的同时显着改善。尽管如此，手术治疗仍然很重要，尤其是在某些社会经济环境中。方法: 在PCV的初步研究之后，将200例十二指肠溃疡患者随机分为PCV或sv-a。一名外科医生负责手术和随访研究。尝试每年对医院的所有患者进行评估。在患者同意的情况下，在每次访视时进行胃分析。结果: 无手术死亡。通过寿命表分析，sv-a后的复发率低于PCV (p <0.003)。倾倒更大 (p <0.001)，与PCV相比，sv-a后的腹泻频率没有差异。两次手术的Visick I级或Visick II级患者的百分比没有差异，但PCV后比sv-a后更多的患者被Visick I级。结论: 在适当使用的情况下，选择性迷走神经切断术-胃窦切除术和壁细胞迷走神经切断术是有效且安全的手术。选择性迷走神经切断术-胃窦切除术对于幽门和幽门前溃疡和幽门阻塞的患者更可取。壁细胞迷走神经切断术是作者对十二指肠溃疡患者的选择，因为偶尔有患者因sv-a而致残。
发表日期： 1994 Oct 29
英文标题： Over the counter H2 receptor antagonists. Serve only as expensive antacids.[全文]
中文标题： 非处方H2受体拮抗剂。仅用作昂贵的抗酸剂。
论文作者： Douds, A. C.; Maxwell, J. D.
英文摘要：
中文摘要：
发表日期： 1994 Oct 29
英文标题： Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: risk factors and effect on growth.[全文]
中文标题： 儿童幽门螺杆菌感染: 危险因素和对生长的影响。
论文作者： Patel, P.; Mendall, M. A.; Khulusi, S.; Northfield, T. C.; Strachan, D. P.
英文摘要： OBJECTIVE--To investigate the current prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood, the risk factors for infection, and the effect of infection on growth in preadolescent schoolchildren. DESIGN--Population based sample of 7 year old schoolchildren followed up at age 11; data on risk factors for infection collected at age 7; presence of infection at age 11 determined by measurement of salivary IgG against H pylori by a newly developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Height was measured at 7 and 11 years of age. SUBJECTS--554 schoolchildren from Edinburgh. RESULTS--62 (11%) children had H pylori infection. Independent risk factors for infection were single parent families (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.7), the 10% most crowded homes (3.1; 1.3 to 7.2), and schools serving predominantly rented housing estates (2.5; 1.0 to 6.5). School catchment area was more important than parental social class or housing tenure. Growth in height between 7 and 11 was diminished in infected children by a mean of 1.1 cm (0.3 to 2.0 cm) over four years. This growth reduction was largely confined to girls (1.6 cm over four years), among whom it correlated with salivary IgG (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION--Data from salivary assay to investigate the epidemiology of H pylori suggest that factors relating to the type of community in which the child lives may now be as important for acquisition of this infection as features of the family home. The greater reduction of growth among infected girls raises the possibility that H pylori infection may delay or diminish the pubertal growth spurt.
中文摘要： 目的-调查儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的现状，感染的危险因素以及感染对青春期前学龄儿童生长的影响。设计-基于人群的7岁学龄儿童的样本，在11岁时随访; 在7岁时收集有关感染危险因素的数据; 通过新开发的酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) 测量针对幽门螺杆菌的唾液IgG来确定11岁时感染的存在。在7岁和11岁时测量身高。来自爱丁堡的SUBJECTS--554学童。RESULTS--62 (11%) 儿童有幽门螺杆菌感染。感染的独立危险因素是单亲家庭 (调整后的比值比 = 2.5; 95% 置信区间1.1至5.7)，10% 个最拥挤的房屋 (3.1; 1.3至7.2) 以及主要为出租房屋服务的学校 (2.5; 1.0至6.5)。学校集水区比父母的社会阶层或住房保有权更重要。在过去的四年中，受感染儿童的身高增长在7到11之间平均减少了1.1厘米 (0.3到2.0厘米)。这种生长减少主要限于女孩 (1.6厘米超过四年)，其中与唾液IgG相关 (P = 0.015)。结论-唾液分析研究幽门螺杆菌流行病学的数据表明，与儿童居住的社区类型有关的因素现在可能对获得这种感染与家庭住所的特征一样重要。受感染女孩的生长速度下降幅度更大，这增加了幽门螺杆菌感染可能延迟或减少青春期生长突增的可能性。
发表日期： 1994 Oct 11
英文标题： Cellular vacuoles induced by Helicobacter pylori originate from late endosomal compartments.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌诱导的细胞液泡起源于晚期内体区室。
论文作者： Papini, E; de Bernard, M; Milia, E; Bugnoli, M; Zerial, M; Rappuoli, R; Montecucco, C
英文摘要： Pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori cause progressive vacuolation and death of epithelial cells. To identify the nature of vacuoles, the distribution of markers of various membrane traffic compartments was studied. Vacuoles derive from the endocytic pathway since they include the fluid-phase marker Lucifer yellow. Early endosome markers such as rab5, transferrin, and transferrin receptor, as well as the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D, are excluded from these structures. In contrast, the vacuolar membrane is specifically stained by affinity-purified antibodies against rab7, a small GTPase, localized to late endosomal compartments. The labeling of rab7 on vacuolar membranes increases as vacuolation progresses, without a concomitant increase of cellular rab7. Cell vacuolation is inhibited by the microtubule-depolymerizing agents nocodazole and colchicine. Taken together, these findings indicate that the vacuoles specifically originate from late endosomal compartments.Images:
中文摘要： 幽门螺杆菌的致病菌株引起上皮细胞的进行性空泡化和死亡。为了确定液泡的性质，研究了各种膜交通隔室的标记物的分布。液泡源自内吞途径，因为它们包含液相标记物路西法黄。从这些结构中排除早期内体标记，例如rab5，转铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体以及溶酶体水解酶组织蛋白酶D。相反，液泡膜被针对rab7的亲和纯化抗体特异性染色，rab7是一种小gtp酶，定位于晚期内体区室。液泡膜上rab7的标记随着液泡化的进行而增加，而细胞rab7却没有随之增加。微管解聚剂诺考达唑和秋水仙碱抑制细胞空泡化。总之，这些发现表明液泡特别起源于晚期内体区室。
发表日期： 1994 Oct
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌的CagA/细胞毒性菌株和胃上皮细胞系中的interleukin-8。
论文作者： Crabtree, J E; Farmery, S M; Lindley, I J; Figura, N; Peichl, P; Tompkins, D S
英文摘要： AIMS--To investigate: (1) whether Helicobacter pylori directly induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) message expression and protein secretion in established gastric epithelial cell lines; and (2) if CagA/cytotoxin positive and negative strains of H pylori differ in their ability to induce epithelial IL-8. METHODS--Gastric epithelial cell lines were co-cultured with H pylori NCTC 11637 and 10 clinical isolates (four cytotoxic, six non-cytotoxic) and secreted IL-8 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific induction of gastric epithelial IL-8 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. RESULTS--H pylori (NCTC 11637) induced IL-8 secretion from three gastric epithelial cell lines (KATO-3, ST42, AGS) but not from MKN 45 (gastric) or intestinal (SW480, HT29) cell lines. H mustelae did not stimulate IL-8 secretion from KATO-3, ST42, and AGS cells. H pylori induced IL-8 secretion was reduced by heat killing, sonication, freeze thawing or formalin fixation of the bacteria. CagA/cytotoxin positive strains of H pylori induced significantly higher IL-8 secretion than CagA/cytotoxin negative strains in the three positive gastric epithelial cell lines (KATO-3, ST42: p < 0.01; AGS: p < 0.02). A significant increase (p < 0.01) in the expression of IL-8 mRNA relative to G3PDH mRNA was observed in KATO-3 cells after three hours of co-culture with CagA/cytotoxin positive strains. CONCLUSIONS--H pylori directly increases gastric epithelial IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 protein secretion in a strain specific manner. Induction of epithelial IL-8 by CagA/cytotoxin positive strains is likely to result in neutrophil chemotaxis and activation and thus mucosal damage. These observations on epithelial IL-8 may explain the association between CagA/cytotoxin positive strains and gastroduodenal disease.Images:
中文摘要： 目的-研究 :( 1) 幽门螺杆菌是否在已建立的胃上皮细胞系中直接诱导interleukin-8 (IL-8) 信息表达和蛋白质分泌; (2) 幽门螺杆菌的CagA/细胞毒素阳性和阴性菌株诱导上皮IL-8的能力是否不同。方法-将胃上皮细胞系与幽门螺杆菌NCTC 11637和10个临床分离株 (4个细胞毒性，6个非细胞毒性) 共培养，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 测定分泌的IL-8。通过逆转录和聚合酶链反应 (rt-pcr) 扩增检查胃上皮IL-8 mRNA的特异性诱导。RESULTS--H pylori (NCTC 11637) 诱导三种胃上皮细胞系 (KATO-3，ST42，AGS) 的IL-8分泌，但不诱导MKN 45 (胃) 或肠 (SW480，HT29) 细胞系的细菌分泌。H mustelae不刺激KATO-3，ST42和AGS细胞的IL-8分泌。通过热杀死，超声处理，冻融或福尔马林固定细菌来减少幽门螺杆菌诱导的IL-8分泌。在三种阳性胃上皮细胞系中，幽门螺杆菌的CagA/细胞毒素阳性菌株诱导的IL-8分泌明显高于CagA/细胞毒素阴性菌株 (KATO-3，ST42: p < 0.01; AGS: p <0.02)。在与CagA/细胞毒素阳性菌株共培养三小时后，在KATO-3细胞中观察到IL-8 mRNA相对于g3pdhmrna的表达显著增加 (p <0.01)。CONCLUSIONS--H pylori以菌株特异性方式直接增加胃上皮IL-8 mRNA表达和IL-8蛋白分泌。CagA/细胞毒素阳性菌株诱导上皮IL-8可能导致嗜中性粒细胞趋化性和活化，从而导致粘膜损伤。这些对上皮IL-8的观察可以解释CagA/细胞毒素阳性菌株与胃十二指肠疾病之间的关联。
发表日期： 1994 Oct
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌保守20千道尔顿膜相关脂蛋白抗原的分子特征。
论文作者： Kostrzynska, M; O'Toole, P W; Taylor, D E; Trust, T J
英文摘要： Antisera raised in rabbits to whole cells of Helicobacter pylori recognized as a major antigen a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000. The antigen was purified by differential solubilization with N-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by molecular sieving. The mass of the protein, Lpp20, was 18,283 Da as determined by mass spectrometry. The lpp20 gene encoding this protein was cloned in Escherichia coli by using the vector lambda EMBL3, and plasmid subclones expressed the full-length protein from the native H. pylori promoter. lpp20 was mapped to the same 358-kb NruI fragment as flaB. DNA sequence analysis showed that the gene was 525 bp long and encoded a 175-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 19,094 containing a 21-residue typical lipoprotein signal peptide and consensus prolipoprotein processing site. The mass of the deduced 154-residue mature protein was 16,865 Da. Growth of E. coli cells expressing the cloned H. pylori lpp20 gene in the presence of [3H]palmitic acid resulted in radiolabelled Lpp20 while treatment of the E. coli cells with globomycin caused accumulation of unprocessed Lpp20, consistent with Lpp20 being a lipoprotein. Lpp20 cofractionated with the cytoplasmic membrane fraction, although a proportion of the protein was also found in the outer membrane. A mutant generated by mutant-allele exchange displayed normal viability, showing that Lpp20 belonged to the nonessential class of lipoproteins.Images:
中文摘要： 在兔子中针对幽门螺杆菌全细胞产生的抗血清，被认为是主要抗原的蛋白质，表观分子量为20,000。通过用正辛基-β-d-吡喃葡萄糖苷，尿素和十二烷基硫酸钠进行差异溶解，然后进行分子筛分纯化抗原。通过质谱测定，蛋白质Lpp20的质量为18,283 Da。通过使用载体 λ EMBL3将编码该蛋白的lpp20基因克隆到大肠杆菌中，质粒亚克隆从天然幽门螺杆菌启动子表达全长蛋白。lpp20被定位到与flaB相同的358-kb NruI片段。DNA序列分析表明，该基因长525 bp，编码一个175个氨基酸的蛋白质，分子量为19,094，包含一个21个残基的典型脂蛋白信号肽和共有前脂蛋白加工位点。推导的154残基成熟蛋白的质量为16,865 Da。表达克隆的幽门螺杆菌lpp20基因的大肠杆菌细胞在 [3h] 棕榈酸存在下的生长导致放射性标记的Lpp20，而用球霉素处理大肠杆菌细胞导致未加工的Lpp20的积累，这与Lpp20是脂蛋白一致。Lpp20与细胞质膜部分共分离，尽管在外膜中也发现了一部分蛋白质。通过突变体-等位基因交换产生的突变体显示正常的生存能力，表明Lpp20属于非必需的脂蛋白类。
发表日期： 1994 Oct
英文标题： Identification of surface-exposed outer membrane antigens of Helicobacter pylori.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌表面暴露外膜抗原的鉴定。
论文作者： Doig, P; Trust, T J
英文摘要： Despite the potential significance of surface-localized antigens in the colonization by and disease processes of Helicobacter pylori, few such components have been unequivocally identified and/or characterized. To further investigate the surface of this bacterium, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to a sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction prepared from H. pylori NCTC 11637 were raised. MAbs were selected on the basis of their surface reactivity to whole cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. By use of this selection protocol, 14 surface-reactive MAbs were chosen. These MAbs were used to identify six protein antigens (molecular masses, 80, 60, 51, 50, 48, and 31 kDa), all of which were localized within or associated with the outer membrane. Two of the MAbs recognized the core region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Only these two anti-LPS MAbs also recognized the flagellar sheath, indicating a structural difference between the sheath and outer membrane. Three of the protein antigens (80, 60, and 51 kDa) were strain specific, while the other three antigens were present in other strains of H. pylori. Both the 51- and 48-kDa antigens were heat modifiable and likely are porins. A conserved 31-kDa protein may represent another species of porin. A method involving sucrose density ultracentrifugation and Triton extraction that allows the preparation of H. pylori outer membranes with minimal inner membrane contamination is described. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the protein content of the H. pylori outer membrane is similar structurally to those of other species of Helicobacter but markedly different from those of taxonomically related Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. H. pylori also appeared to lack peptidoglycan-associated proteins.Images:
中文摘要： 尽管表面定位的抗原在幽门螺杆菌的定植和疾病过程中具有潜在的重要性，但很少有此类成分被明确鉴定和/或表征。为了进一步研究该细菌的表面，产生了针对从幽门螺杆菌NCTC 11637制备的肌氨酸不溶性外膜级分的单克隆抗体 (mab)。通过酶联免疫吸附测定，免疫荧光和免疫电子显微镜，根据其对全细胞的表面反应性选择mab。通过使用该选择方案，选择了14种表面反应性mab。这些mab用于鉴定六种蛋白质抗原 (分子量为80、60、51、50、48和31 kda)，所有这些抗原都位于外膜内或与外膜相关。两种mab识别脂多糖 (LPS) 的核心区域。只有这两种抗lpsmab也识别鞭毛鞘，表明鞘和外膜之间的结构差异。三种蛋白抗原 (80、60和51 kda) 是菌株特异性的，而其他三种抗原存在于其他幽门螺杆菌菌株中。51-和48-kDa抗原都是热可修饰的，可能是孔蛋白。保守的31-kda蛋白可能代表另一种孔蛋白。描述了一种涉及蔗糖密度超速离心和Triton提取的方法，该方法可以制备幽门螺杆菌外膜，而内膜污染最小。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明，幽门螺杆菌外膜的蛋白质含量在结构上与其他幽门螺杆菌相似，但与分类学上相关的弯曲杆菌明显不同。和大肠杆菌。幽门螺杆菌似乎也缺乏肽聚糖相关蛋白。
发表日期： 1994 Oct
英文标题： Helicobacter pylori and early gastric cancer.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌与早期胃癌.
论文作者： Craanen, M E; Blok, P; Dekker, W; Tytgat, G N
英文摘要： The relation between Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia, and early gastric cancer was studied by examining gastrectomy specimens from 31 intestinal type and 22 diffuse type carcinomas. A total of 298 patients with antral gastritis were used as controls. Atrophic changes and intestinal metaplasia were significantly more common in intestinal type early gastric cancer compared with diffuse type early gastric cancer (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). H pylori was found in 61.3% of intestinal type early gastric cancer and in 54.5% of diffuse type early gastric cancer (NS). The age adjusted prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the patients with antral gastritis was higher in H pylori positive patients in all age groups studied. Comparing gastritis patients with patients with intestinal type early gastric cancer showed the age adjusted prevalence of intestinal metaplasia to be significantly higher in the patients with early gastric cancer in all age groups studied. In conclusion, H pylori is associated with both types of early gastric carcinoma. Intestinal metaplasia formation seems to be a multifactorial process in which H pylori may play a part. These findings suggest that gastric cancer may be included in the spectrum of H pylori associated diseases, although many questions about causality remain to be answered.
中文摘要： 通过检查31例肠型癌和22例弥漫型癌的胃切除术标本，研究了幽门螺杆菌，肠上皮化生和早期胃癌之间的关系。共有298例胃窦炎患者作为对照。与弥漫型早期胃癌相比，肠型早期胃癌的萎缩性改变和肠上皮化生明显更常见 (分别为p <0.05和p <0.001)。在肠型早期胃癌的61.3% 和弥漫型早期胃癌 (NS) 的54.5% 中发现了幽门螺杆菌。在所有研究的年龄组中，幽门螺杆菌阳性患者中，胃窦炎患者的年龄调整后的肠上皮化生患病率较高。将胃炎患者与肠型早期胃癌患者进行比较显示，在所有研究年龄段的早期胃癌患者中，年龄调整后的肠上皮化生患病率均显着更高。总之，幽门螺杆菌与两种类型的早期胃癌有关。肠上皮化生的形成似乎是一个多因素的过程，幽门螺杆菌可能在其中发挥作用。这些发现表明，胃癌可能包括在幽门螺杆菌相关疾病的范围内，尽管有关因果关系的许多问题仍有待回答。
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