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发表日期： 1991 Sep
英文标题： Spiral shaped microorganisms in the human duodenal mucosa.[全文]
中文标题： 人十二指肠粘膜中的螺旋形微生物。
论文作者： Nakshabendi, I. M.; Peebles, S. E.; Lee, F. D.; Russell, R. I.
英文摘要： A new spiral shaped microorganism, Gastrospirillum hominis, distinct from Helicobacter pylori, has recently been described in the gastric mucosa. We report a patient with duodenal erosions who was found to have these organisms in his duodenal mucosa. This bacterium is not necessarily specific to the stomach, and its association with peptic damage needs to be studied further.Images: Figure 1
中文摘要： 最近在胃粘膜中描述了一种新的螺旋形微生物，人胃螺旋菌，与幽门螺杆菌不同。我们报告了一名患有十二指肠糜烂的患者，他的十二指肠粘膜中发现了这些生物。这种细菌不一定是胃特异性的，其与消化性损伤的关联需要进一步研究。图像: 图1
发表日期： 1991 Sep
英文标题： Immune responses to Helicobacter pylori in children with recurrent abdominal pain.[全文]
中文标题： 复发性腹痛患儿对幽门螺杆菌的免疫反应。
论文作者： Crabtree, J E; Mahony, M J; Taylor, J D; Heatley, R V; Littlewood, J M; Tompkins, D S
英文摘要： The systemic immune response to Helicobacter pylori was examined in 69 children with recurrent abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty one (30%) children were histologically positive for H pylori. Eighteen of the 21 positive subjects and two H pylori negative subjects (one with normal mucosa, one with lymphocytic gastritis) were positive for H pylori IgG antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (86% sensitivity, 98% specificity). In children with H pylori associated gastritis, there was a significant positive correlation (p less than 0.05) between IgG antibody titres and patient age. Intra-assay comparison of sera from histologically negative adults with those of histologically negative children showed that the cut off for positivity in the ELISA for adults was greater than that for children. Immunoblotting showed IgG positivity in 20 of the 21 patients with H pylori infection (95% sensitivity). Both ELISA and immunoblotting for IgA and IgM H pylori antibodies had poor discriminatory value for determining infection. Serological detection of H pylori IgG antibodies seems to be valuable in the assessment of children presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms, but assays must first be validated in paediatric populations.Images:
中文摘要： 在69例复发性腹痛和上消化道症状的儿童中检查了对幽门螺杆菌的全身免疫反应。21名 (30%) 儿童在组织学上对幽门螺杆菌呈阳性。通过酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)，21例阳性受试者中的18例和2例幽门螺杆菌阴性受试者 (1例粘膜正常，1例淋巴细胞性胃炎) 对幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体呈阳性 (敏感性86%，特异性98%)。在患有幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的儿童中，IgG抗体滴度与患者年龄之间存在显着正相关 (p小于0.05)。组织学阴性成人血清与组织学阴性儿童血清的分析内比较表明，成人ELISA阳性的临界值大于儿童。免疫印迹显示21例幽门螺杆菌感染患者中有20例IgG阳性 (敏感性95%)。ELISA和IgA和IgM幽门螺杆菌抗体的免疫印迹对确定感染的判别价值均较差。幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体的血清学检测在评估患有复发性腹痛和其他胃肠道症状的儿童中似乎很有价值，但必须首先在儿科人群中验证检测方法。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
英文标题： Reproducibility of tolerance tests that are useful in the identification of campylobacteria.[全文]
中文标题： 可用于鉴定弯曲杆菌的耐受性测试的可重复性。
论文作者： On, S L; Holmes, B
英文摘要： Twenty type or other reference strains, each representing a different Campylobacter, Helicobacter, or Arcobacter taxon, were used to assess the reproducibility of 25 phenotypic tests that are used in the identification of such organisms. Twenty-two of the tests depended on growth inhibition, and each of these tolerance tests was performed by using three different basal media. Although the overall reproducibility of the tests with each basal medium exceeded 89%, the proportion of strains that were able to grow in a reproducible manner on the basal media varied from 100% for blood agar and 50% for nutrient agar to 5% for brucella agar. In general, test reproducibility was highest with the basal medium that supported the most luxuriant growth. For the majority of tests, the basal medium which gave the optimum reproducibility could be determined.
中文摘要： 使用20种类型或其他参考菌株，每种代表不同的弯曲杆菌，螺杆菌或Arcobacter分类群，以评估用于鉴定此类生物的25种表型测试的可重复性。22个测试取决于生长抑制，并且这些耐受性测试中的每一个都是通过使用三种不同的基础培养基进行的。尽管使用每种基础培养基进行的测试的总体再现性超过89%，但能够在基础培养基上以可再现方式生长的菌株的比例从血琼脂的100% 和营养琼脂的50% 到布鲁氏菌琼脂的5% 不等。通常，支持最茂盛生长的基础培养基的测试再现性最高。对于大多数测试，可以确定具有最佳重现性的基础培养基。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
中文标题： 基于16s rRNA序列的胎儿弯曲杆菌和肠弯曲杆菌寡脱氧核苷酸探针。
论文作者： Wesley, I V; Wesley, R D; Cardella, M; Dewhirst, F E; Paster, B J
英文摘要： Deoxyoligonucleotide probes were constructed for the identification of Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter hyointestinalis based on 16S rRNA sequence data. Probes were targeted to hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA. Specificity of oligonucleotide probes was tested in a colony blot assay with type strains of 15 Campylobacter and Arcobacter species as well as in a slot blot format using genomic DNA extracted from field strains of C. fetus and C. hyointestinalis. Two oligonucleotides were constructed for C. fetus that hybridized with equal specificity with each of 57 biochemically confirmed isolates of C. fetus but not with any other Campylobacter species. The C. hyointestinalis probe reacted with 47 of 48 biochemically confirmed field isolates of C. hyointestinalis. In Southern blot hybridization of BglII digests of genomic DNA, the respective probes reacted within three restriction fragments of either C. hyointestinalis (7.2, 8.2, and 10.1 kb) or C. fetus (7.0, 7.7, and 9.0 kb). This suggests multiple copies of genes encoding 16S rRNA.Images:
中文摘要： 基于16s rRNA序列数据，构建了脱氧寡核苷酸探针，用于鉴定弯曲杆菌胎儿和肠弯曲杆菌。探针靶向16srrna的高变区。寡核苷酸探针的特异性在使用弯曲杆菌和Arcobacter物种的类型菌株的菌落印迹测定中以及使用从C提取的基因组DNA的狭缝印迹形式中进行测试。胎儿和猪肠道弯曲杆菌。构建了两种用于C.胎儿的寡核苷酸，它们以相同的特异性与57种经生物化学证实的C.胎儿分离物中的每一种杂交，但不与任何其他弯曲杆菌属物种杂交。猪肠杆菌探针与48个经生物化学证实的猪肠杆菌现场分离株中的47个反应。在基因组DNA的BglII消化物的Southern印迹杂交中，各自的探针在猪肠弯曲杆菌 (7.2、8.2和10.1 kb) 或胎儿弯曲杆菌 (7.0、7.7和9.0 kb) 的三个限制性片段内反应。这表明编码16s rRNA的基因有多个拷贝。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌定量药敏试验的E试验评价。
论文作者： Glupczynski, Y; Labbé, M; Hansen, W; Crokaert, F; Yourassowsky, E
英文摘要： The Progressive Diagnostics Manufacturers epsilometer test (E test; AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), a quantitative variant of the disk diffusion technique, was evaluated comparatively to an agar dilution method for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori. A collection of 79 H. pylori clinical strains, including isolates with known resistance to various antimicrobial agents, was tested against 12 different antimicrobial agents. All strains were tested on Columbia agar supplemented with 10% horse blood. Plates were incubated at 37 degrees C in microaerobic atmosphere (5% O2, 10% CO2), and readings were done after 3 days of incubation. In general, E test MICs were easy to interpret and the correlation between MICs by the agar dilution method and the E test was good, with 86 and 99.5% of results being within, respectively, 1 and 2 log2 dilution steps in a total of 936 tests. All strains of H. pylori with documented resistance to the tested agents were detected by the E test. Thus, the E test appears to be an easy and reliable method for determination of MICs of antibiotics for H. pylori, and it may offer an interesting alternative to MIC determination by the agar dilution technique.
中文摘要： 渐进诊断制造商epsilometer测试 (E测试; AB Biodisk，Solna，瑞典) 是磁盘扩散技术的定量变体，与琼脂稀释法进行了评估，以进行幽门螺杆菌的抗菌敏感性测试。针对12种不同的抗微生物剂测试了79种幽门螺杆菌临床菌株的集合，包括对各种抗微生物剂具有已知抗性的分离株。在补充有10% 马血的哥伦比亚琼脂上测试所有菌株。将板在微需氧气氛 (5% O2，10% CO2) 中在37 °c下孵育，并且在孵育3天后进行读数。通常，E测试mic易于解释，并且通过琼脂稀释法和E测试的mic之间的相关性良好，在总共936次测试中，分别有86和99.5% 的结果在1和2 log2稀释步骤内。通过E测试检测到所有已证明对测试试剂具有抗性的幽门螺杆菌菌株。因此，E测试似乎是确定幽门螺杆菌抗生素MIC的一种简单可靠的方法，并且可能为通过琼脂稀释技术确定MIC提供一种有趣的替代方法。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
英文标题： Macromolecular structure and aggregation states of Helicobacter pylori urease.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌尿素酶的大分子结构和聚集状态。
论文作者： Austin, J W; Doig, P; Stewart, M; Trust, T J
英文摘要： Urease purified from Helicobacter pylori by differential ultracentrifugation and fast pressure liquid chromatography was composed of subunits with apparent molecular weights (MrS) of 66,000 and 30,000. Electron microscopy of this purified material demonstrated that it formed disc-shaped macromolecular aggregates that were approximately 13 nm in diameter and 3 nm thick. Images of both negatively stained and shadowed preparations indicated that the discs tended to stack to form pairs and then these pairs further aggregated to form four-disc stacks. This stacking of subunits explains the heterogeneity observed previously in the molecular weight of urease preparations. In some negatively stained preparations there were also some smaller (approximately 8-nm-diameter) annular units present, which may represent individual urease units or possibly an aggregate of one of the two subunits from which urease is constructed.Images:
中文摘要： 通过差速超速离心和快速压力液相色谱法从幽门螺杆菌中纯化的脲酶由表观分子量 (MrS) 为66,000和30,000的亚基组成。这种纯化的材料的电子显微镜检查表明，它形成了直径约13 nm，厚3 nm的圆盘状大分子聚集体。负染色和阴影制剂的图像均表明，圆盘倾向于堆叠形成对，然后这些对进一步聚集形成四盘堆叠。亚基的这种堆叠解释了先前在脲酶制剂的分子量中观察到的异质性。在一些负染色制剂中，还存在一些较小 (直径约8 nm) 的环形单元，它们可能代表单个脲酶单元或可能是构成脲酶的两个亚基之一的聚集体。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
英文标题： Purification and characterization of Helicobacter mustelae urease.[全文]
中文标题： 芥子螺杆菌尿素酶的纯化和性质。
论文作者： Dunn, B E; Sung, C C; Taylor, N S; Fox, J G
英文摘要： Helicobacter mustelae is a urease-rich bacterium associated with gastritis in ferrets. The ureases of H. mustelae and Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium implicated in human gastritis, share many characteristics. Helicobacter sp. ureases appear to be unique among bacterial enzymes in exhibiting submillimolar Km values and in being composed of two subunits.Images:
中文摘要： 胃螺杆菌是一种富含尿素酶的细菌，与雪貂的胃炎有关。与人类胃炎有关的H. mustelae和幽门螺杆菌的尿素酶具有许多特征。幽门螺杆菌。在细菌酶中，脲酶似乎是独特的，表现为亚毫摩尔Km值，并且由两个亚基组成。
发表日期： 1991 Sep
中文标题： 通过测量胃吸出物铵和尿素浓度来检测胃粘膜的幽门螺杆菌感染。
论文作者： Neithercut, W D; Milne, A; Chittajallu, R S; el Nujumi, A M; McColl, K E
英文摘要： Helicobacter pylori possesses unusually high urease activity that lowers the urea concentration and raises the ammonium concentration of the gastric juice in infected people. The value of measuring urea and ammonium concentrations in gastric juice obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as a means of diagnosing the presence and eradication of the infection was assessed. Twenty four subjects with the infection and 14 in whom it had been eradicated were examined. Their H pylori status was confirmed by antral biopsy and 14C urea breath test. The median (range) gastric juice urea concentration in infected subjects was 0.8 mmol/l (0.5-2.9 mmol/l), which was lower than that in the uninfected subjects (2.1 mmol/l (1.0-3.7 mmol/l)) (p less than 0.001). The median gastric juice ammonium concentration in infected subjects was 3.4 mmol/l (1.0-13.0 mmol/l), which was higher than that in the uninfected subjects (0.64 mmol/l (0.02-1.4 mmol/l)) (p less than 0.001). Though the two groups overlapped in respect of their urea and ammonium concentrations, they were completely different when the urea: ammonium ratios were calculated--the ratios ranged from 0.04-0.7 (median 0.26) and from 1.1-113 (median 3.4) in infected and uninfected subjects respectively (p less than 0.001). Treatment with H2 antagonists did not change the concentrations of urea and ammonium or their ratio in gastric juice. Measurement of the urea: ammonium ratio in aspirated gastric juice obtained during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may provide a rapid method of detecting H pylori infection and of confirming its eradication.
中文摘要： 幽门螺杆菌具有异常高的脲酶活性，可降低尿素浓度并提高感染者胃液中的铵浓度。评估了在上消化道内窥镜检查期间测量胃液中尿素和铵浓度的价值，以诊断感染的存在和根除。检查了24名感染患者和14名已被根除的患者。通过肛门活检和14C尿素呼气试验证实了他们的幽门螺杆菌状态。感染受试者的胃液尿素浓度中位数 (范围) 为0.8 mmol/l (0.5-2.9 mmol/l)，低于未感染受试者 (2.1 mmol/l (1.0-3.7 mmol/l)) (p小于0.001)。感染者胃液铵浓度中位数为3.4 mmol/l (1.0 ~ 13.0 mmol/l)，高于未感染者 (0.64 mmol/l (0.02 ~ 1.4 mmol/l)) (p小于0.001)。尽管两组在尿素和铵浓度方面重叠，但在计算尿素: 铵比率时却完全不同-比率范围为0.04-0.7 (中位数0.26) 和1.1-113 (中位数3.4) 感染和未感染的受试者 (p小于0.001)。用H2拮抗剂治疗不会改变尿素和铵的浓度或它们在胃液中的比例。在常规上消化道内窥镜检查中获得的抽吸胃液中尿素: 铵比的测量可能提供一种快速检测幽门螺杆菌感染并确认其根除的方法。
发表日期： 1991 Oct
中文标题： 性传播疾病门诊男性幽门螺杆菌感染危险因素特征: 缺乏性传播证据.
论文作者： Polish, L B; Douglas, J M; Davidson, A J; Perez-Perez, G I; Blaser, M J
英文摘要： The mechanism of transmission of Helicobacter pylori is unknown. To investigate the role of sexual behavior and demographic factors in the acquisition of H. pylori infection, we evaluated the seroprevalence of antibody to H. pylori in 370 men attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Sera from the following three groups were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin G: 78 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive homosexual men, 102 HIV-seronegative homosexual men, and 190 HIV-seronegative heterosexual men. Overall, the seroprevalence of H. pylori was 100 of 370 men (27%), with rates of 18% in HIV-seropositive homosexual men and 20% in HIV-seronegative homosexual men versus 35% in heterosexual men (P less than 0.005, chi 2 test). By ethnic group, 21 (12%) of 181 Caucasian men, 40 (41%) of 97 black men, and 37 (43%) of 87 Hispanic men were seropositive (P less than 0.001, chi 2 test). Multivariate analysis revealed that race was associated with H. pylori seropositivity independent of HIV status, sexual preference, or age. There was no relationship between H. pylori seropositivity and the number of lifetime sexual partners or previous sexually transmitted diseases. Three HIV-seropositive men with H. pylori immunoglobulin G had essentially identical antibody titers over 8 to 16 months of follow-up. In conclusion, black and Hispanic men have significantly higher H. pylori seroprevalence rates than do Caucasian men, but neither sexual behavior nor HIV infection influences the presence or persistence of H. pylori antibody. Further evaluation of the factors associated with these ethnic differences may lead to a better understanding of H. pylori acquisition and transmission.
中文摘要： 幽门螺杆菌的传播机制尚不清楚。为了研究性行为和人口统计学因素在幽门螺杆菌感染中的作用，我们评估了在城市性传播疾病诊所就诊的370名男性中幽门螺杆菌抗体的血清阳性率。通过酶联免疫吸附法分析了以下三组血清中的幽门螺杆菌特异性免疫球蛋白G: 78名人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 血清阳性同性恋男性，102名HIV血清阴性同性恋男性和190名HIV血清阴性异性恋男性。总体而言，幽门螺杆菌的血清阳性率为370名男性100 (27%)，HIV血清阳性同性恋男性的18% 和HIV血清阴性同性恋男性的20%，而异性恋男性的35% (P小于0.005，chi 2测试)。按种族分组，181名白人男性中有21名 (12%)，97名黑人中有40名 (41%) 和87名西班牙裔男性中有37名 (43%) 血清反应阳性 (P小于0.001，chi 2测试)。多变量分析显示，种族与幽门螺杆菌血清阳性相关，与HIV状态，性别偏好或年龄无关。幽门螺杆菌血清阳性与终生性伴侣的数量或以前的性传播疾病之间没有关系。在随访的8到16个月内，三名患有幽门螺杆菌免疫球蛋白G的HIV血清阳性男性的抗体滴度基本相同。总之，黑人和西班牙裔男性的幽门螺杆菌血清阳性率明显高于白人男性，但性行为和HIV感染均不影响幽门螺杆菌抗体的存在或持久性。进一步评估与这些种族差异相关的因素可能会导致更好地了解幽门螺杆菌的获取和传播。
发表日期： 1991 Oct
中文标题： 非人类感染的螺杆菌抑制壁细胞的酸分泌: 胃粘膜定植的一个因素？
论文作者： Vargas, M; Lee, A; Fox, J G; Cave, D R
英文摘要： Helicobacter pylori has been shown to produce a protein that inhibits acid secretion from parietal cells. We have examined other non-human-infecting Helicobacter species for this property by measuring the uptake of [14C]aminopyrine into rabbit parietal cells as an indirect assessment of acid secretion. Helicobacter felis and an isolate from a rhesus monkey were shown to inhibit acid secretion. Isolates of Helicobacter mustelae gave variable responses. Whole bacteria and cell-free sonicates impaired the uptake of [14C]aminopyrine. We also tested other bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Campylobacter jejuni. As whole organisms, these control bacteria had little effect on acid secretion, but sonicates caused pronounced inhibition that was partially heat labile. Pronase treatment of H. pylori destroyed its inhibitory effect. These results suggest that most Helicobacter species, but not all isolates, are able to inhibit acid secretion from rabbit parietal cells. This property may be a factor in the establishment of long-term infection by these species.Images:
中文摘要： 幽门螺杆菌已显示产生抑制壁细胞酸分泌的蛋白质。我们通过测量 [14C] 氨基比林对兔壁细胞的摄取作为对酸分泌的间接评估，检查了其他非人类感染的螺杆菌的这种特性。幽门螺杆菌和恒河猴的分离物显示出抑制酸分泌。幽门螺杆菌分离株的反应各不相同。全细菌和无细胞超声会损害 [14C] 氨基比林的摄取。我们还测试了其他细菌，包括大肠杆菌，普通变形杆菌，产酸克雷伯菌和空肠弯曲杆菌。作为整个生物体，这些对照细菌对酸分泌几乎没有影响，但是超声处理引起了部分热不稳定的明显抑制。链霉蛋白酶处理H. pylori破坏了其抑制作用。这些结果表明，大多数螺杆菌属，但不是所有分离株，都能够抑制兔壁细胞的酸分泌。这种特性可能是这些物种长期感染的一个因素。
发表日期： 1991 Oct
中文标题： 十二指肠溃疡患者胃内酸度的昼夜节律模式: 与溃疡活动相关的变化研究。
论文作者： Wagner, S; Gladziwa, U; Gebel, M; Schüler, A; Freise, J; Schmidt, F W
英文摘要： The relation between intragastric acidity and duodenal ulcer activity was studied prospectively in 21 patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcers. The 24 hour intragastric acidity was measured on four separate occasions by continuous recording using combined glass electrodes: (a) in the presence of an ulcer crater without treatment; (b) during active ulceration being treated with ranitidine; (c) during early healing after a six week course of ranitidine; (d) during late healing six months after acute ulceration. Intragastric acidity was also monitored in 20 healthy subjects. At all stages of ulcer activity and during all predefined time periods, duodenal ulcer patients had significantly higher gastric acidity than healthy control subjects. Duodenal ulcer patients showed a similar circadian pattern of intragastric acidity during exacerbation of ulcer disease and in remission during the early and late ulcer healing periods. These results argue against a direct relation between the activity of duodenal ulcer disease and gastric acidity. It is concluded that the chronic recurrent course of duodenal ulcer disease does not result from a fluctuation in intragastric acidity.
中文摘要： 在21例经内镜证实的十二指肠溃疡患者中，前瞻性研究了胃内酸度与十二指肠溃疡活性之间的关系。通过使用组合玻璃电极的连续记录，在四个不同的场合测量了24小时胃内酸度 :( a) 在没有治疗的溃疡口的情况下; (b) 在用雷尼替丁治疗的活动性溃疡期间; (c) 在雷尼替丁六周疗程后的早期愈合期间; (d)在急性溃疡后六个月的晚期愈合期间。还监测了20名健康受试者的胃内酸度。在溃疡活动的所有阶段以及所有预定义的时间段内，十二指肠溃疡患者的胃酸明显高于健康对照组。十二指肠溃疡患者在溃疡病恶化期间以及在溃疡愈合早期和晚期的缓解期表现出相似的胃内酸度昼夜节律模式。这些结果与十二指肠溃疡疾病的活动与胃酸度之间存在直接关系。结论是，十二指肠溃疡疾病的慢性复发过程不是由胃内酸度的波动引起的。
发表日期： 1991 Oct
英文标题： British Society of Gastroenterology.[全文]
中文标题： 英国胃肠病学会。
论文作者： Welch, D F
英文摘要：
中文摘要：
发表日期： 1991 Oct
英文标题： Applications of cellular fatty acid analysis.[全文]
中文标题： 细胞脂肪酸分析的应用。
论文作者： Welch, D F
英文摘要： More than ever, new technology is having an impact on the tools of clinical microbiologists. The analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) has become markedly more practical with the advent of the fused-silica capillary column, computer-controlled chromatography and data analysis, simplified sample preparation, and a commercially available GLC system dedicated to microbiological applications. Experience with applications in diagnostic microbiology ranges from substantial success in work with mycobacteria, legionellae, and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to minimal involvement with fungi and other nonbacterial agents. GLC is a good alternative to other means for the identification of mycobacteria or legionellae because it is rapid, specific, and independent of other specialized testing, e.g., DNA hybridization. Nonfermenters show features in their cellular fatty acid content that are useful in identifying species and, in some cases, subspecies. Less frequently encountered nonfermenters, including those belonging to unclassified groups, can ideally be characterized by GLC. Information is just beginning to materialize on the usefulness of cellular fatty acids for the identification of gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, despite the traditional role of GLC in detecting metabolic products as an aid to identification of anaerobes. When species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci is called for, GLC may offer an alternative to biochemical testing. Methods for direct analysis of clinical material have been developed, but in practical and economic terms they are not yet ready for use in the clinical laboratory. Direct analysis holds promise for detecting markers of infection due to an uncultivable agent or in clinical specimens that presently require cultures and prolonged incubation to yield an etiologic agent.
中文摘要： 新技术比以往任何时候都更能影响临床微生物学家的工具。随着熔融石英毛细管柱，计算机控制的色谱和数据分析，简化的样品制备以及专用于微生物的市售GLC系统的出现，通过气液色谱 (GLC) 分析细胞脂肪酸变得更加实用。应用。诊断微生物学的应用经验范围从分枝杆菌，军团菌和非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌的工作取得重大成功到与真菌和其他非细菌剂的最小参与。GLC是鉴定分枝杆菌或军团菌的其他方法的良好替代方法，因为它快速，特异且独立于其他专门测试，例如DNA杂交。非发酵菌在其细胞脂肪酸含量中显示出可用于鉴定物种以及在某些情况下鉴定亚种的特征。较少遇到的非发酵器，包括属于未分类组的那些，可以理想地通过GLC表征。尽管GLC在检测代谢产物以辅助鉴定厌氧菌中的传统作用，但有关细胞脂肪酸用于鉴定革兰氏阳性细菌和厌氧菌的有用性的信息才刚刚开始出现。当需要对凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌进行物种鉴定时，GLC可能会提供生化检测的替代方法。已经开发了直接分析临床材料的方法，但是从实用和经济的角度来看，它们尚未准备好在临床实验室中使用。直接分析有望检测由于不可培养的试剂或目前需要培养和长期孵育以产生病原体的临床标本中的感染标志物。
发表日期： 1991 Nov 16
英文标题： Eradicating Helicobacter pylori and symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia.[全文]
中文标题： 根除幽门螺杆菌和非溃疡性消化不良症状。
论文作者： Patchett, S; Beattie, S; Leen, E; Keane, C; O'Morain, C
英文摘要： OBJECTIVE--To examine the effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia. DESIGN--Four week prospective study. SETTING--One hospital outpatient and endoscopy department. PATIENTS--90 adults with persistent symptoms typical of non-ulcer dyspepsia but no clinical or endoscopic evidence of other peptic, biliary, pancreatic, or malignant disease; all had histological and microbiological evidence of infection with H pylori. 83 patients completed the treatment regimen. INTERVENTION--Colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times a day for four weeks (27 patients); metronidazole 400 mg and amoxycillin 500 mg each three times a day for one week (27); and bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times a day for four weeks, metronidazole 400 mg three times a day for one week, plus amoxycillin 500 mg three times a day for the first week (29). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Change in symptom scores determined with questionnaire; histological evidence of gastritis and microbiological evidence of presence of H pylori in biopsy specimens. RESULTS--Overall, H pylori was eradicated in 41 (49%) patients. Although gastritis scores improved significantly in only patients in whom H pylori had been eradicated (from 1.56 to 0.61, p less than 0.01 v from 1.83 to 1.07, p = 0.52) mean symptom scores after treatment were similar in patients in whom H pylori had or had not been eradicated (3.0 v 2.3, NS). Similarly the mean symptom score improved whether or not gastritis improved (2.8 v 3.1 respectively, p = 0.72). The observations were similar for treatment groups analysed individually. CONCLUSION--Antral infection with the organism does not seem to have an important aetiological role in non-ulcer dyspepsia short term.
中文摘要： 目的 -- 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌对非溃疡性消化不良症状的影响。设计 -- 四周前瞻性研究。设置-一个医院门诊和内窥镜科。PATIENTS--90成人有典型的非溃疡性消化不良的持续性症状，但无其他消化性、胆源性、胰腺性或恶性疾病的临床或内镜证据; 所有患者均有幽门螺杆菌感染的组织学和微生物学证据。83例患者完成了治疗方案。干预-胶体次枸橼酸铋120 mg，每天四次，共4周 (27例患者); 甲硝唑400 mg和阿莫西林500 mg，每天三次，共1周 (27例); 次枸橼酸铋120 mg，每天四次，共4周，甲硝唑400毫克，一天三次，持续一周，加上阿莫西林500毫克，每天三次，第一周 (29)。主要结果指标-问卷调查确定的症状评分变化; 活检标本中胃炎的组织学证据和幽门螺杆菌存在的微生物学证据。结果-总体而言，有41 (49%) 例患者根除了幽门螺杆菌。尽管仅根除幽门螺杆菌的患者的胃炎评分显着改善 (从1.56到0.61，从1.83到1.07的p小于0.01 v，p = 0.52)，但治疗后的平均症状评分在幽门螺杆菌已根除或未根除的患者中相似 (3.0 v 2.3，NS)。同样，无论胃炎是否改善，平均症状评分都有所改善 (分别为2.8 v 3.1，p = 0.72)。对于单独分析的治疗组，观察结果是相似的。结论-胃窦感染在短期非溃疡性消化不良中似乎没有重要的病因学作用。
发表日期： 1991 Nov 02
英文标题： Minerva.[全文]
中文标题： 密涅瓦。
论文作者： O'Morain, C
英文摘要： Images: p1146-a
中文摘要： 图像: p1146-a
发表日期： 1991 Nov
英文标题： Helicobacter pylori: a Jordanian study.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌: 约旦的一项研究。
论文作者： Latif, A. H.; Shami, S. K.; Batchoun, R.; Murad, N.; Sartawi, O.
英文摘要： The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the north of Jordan was studied prospectively. The occurrence of H. pylori was documented histologically and bacteriologically in 169 patients attending endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Our results showed that H. pylori was present in 70% of patients with acute gastritis, 73% of patients with chronic gastritis, 68% of patients with acute on chronic gastritis, 83% of patients with duodenal ulceration, 75% of the patients with gastric ulceration, 64% of patients with no pathology, and 68% of patients regardless of the pathology found. There was a sharp rise in the prevalence of H. pylori with age, up to the age of 40 years with an annual increase in the prevalence of 2%. This study shows that the prevalence of H. pylori in Jordan is similar to that seen in other developing countries with infections occurring at a lower age and with the annual infection rate being double that seen in developed countries.
中文摘要： 前瞻性研究了约旦北部上消化道症状患者中幽门螺杆菌的患病率。在169例因上消化道症状而接受内窥镜检查的患者中，从组织学和细菌学上记录了幽门螺杆菌的发生。我们的结果表明，幽门螺杆菌存在于70% 急性胃炎患者，73% 慢性胃炎患者，急性慢性胃炎患者的68%，十二指肠溃疡患者的83%，胃溃疡患者的75%，64% 患者无病理，和68% 的患者，无论病理发现。随着年龄的增长，幽门螺杆菌的患病率急剧上升，直到40岁，2% 的患病率每年都在增加。这项研究表明，约旦的幽门螺杆菌流行率与其他发展中国家相似，感染发生在较低的年龄，年感染率是发达国家的两倍。
发表日期： 1991 Nov
中文标题： 直接聚合酶链反应试验检测人类和动物的幽门螺杆菌。
论文作者： Ho, S A; Hoyle, J A; Lewis, F A; Secker, A D; Cross, D; Mapstone, N P; Dixon, M F; Wyatt, J I; Tompkins, D S; Taylor, G R
英文摘要： We designed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying the Helicobacter pylori gene encoding 16S rRNA. Primers for the specific detection of H. pylori were designed for areas of the 16S rRNA gene in which there is the least sequence homology between H. pylori and its closest relatives. The specificity of detection was confirmed by ensuring that the primers did not amplify DNA extracts from the campylobacters H. cinaedi, H. mustelae, and Wolinella succinogenes, which are the closest relatives of H. pylori, as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serial dilution experiments revealed the detection of as little as 0.1 pg of DNA by PCR and 0.01 pg by nested PCR. H. pylori DNA was detected successfully in clinical paraffin-embedded and fresh gastric biopsy specimens from patients positive for the bacterium and also in fecal suspensions seeded with the organism. The DNA from the nonculturable coccoid form of H. pylori was also identified by the primers. Universal primers designed for highly conserved areas on the 16S rRNA gene enabled large amplification products to be produced for direct sequencing analysis. Gastric bacteria resembling H. pylori have been isolated from animals. DNA of these animal gastric bacteria amplified with H. pylori-specific primers yielded PCR products identical to those from human isolates of H. pylori, as confirmed by the use of a 20-base radiolabelled probe complementary to an internal sequence flanked by the H. pylori-specific primers. The results of PCR amplification and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis strongly support the contention that the gastric organisms previously recovered from a pig, a baboon, and rhesus monkeys are H. pylori.Images:
中文摘要： 我们设计了一种聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 来扩增编码16s rRNA的幽门螺杆菌基因。针对16srrna基因的区域设计用于特异性检测幽门螺杆菌的引物，在该区域中幽门螺杆菌与其最近亲之间存在最小序列同源性。通过确保引物不扩增弯曲杆菌H. cinaedi，H. mustelae和Wolinella succinogenes的DNA提取物，从而证实了检测的特异性，这是通过16s rRNA测序确定的幽门螺杆菌的近亲。连续稀释实验表明，通过PCR检测到少至0.1 pg的DNA，通过巢式PCR检测到0.01 pg。在来自细菌阳性患者的临床石蜡包埋和新鲜胃活检标本中以及在接种该生物的粪便悬浮液中成功检测到幽门螺杆菌DNA。还通过引物鉴定了来自不可培养的球形幽门螺杆菌形式的DNA。为16s rRNA基因上的高度保守区域设计的通用引物使得能够产生大量扩增产物用于直接测序分析。已经从动物中分离出类似幽门螺杆菌的胃细菌。用幽门螺旋杆菌特异性引物扩增的这些动物胃细菌的DNA产生的PCR产物与人幽门螺旋杆菌分离株的PCR产物相同，这通过使用与内部序列互补的20个碱基的放射性标记探针来证实。幽门螺旋杆菌特异性引物。PCR扩增和部分16s rRNA基因序列分析的结果强烈支持先前从猪，狒狒和恒河猴中回收的胃生物是幽门螺杆菌的论点。
发表日期： 1991 Nov
中文标题： 三种选择性培养基和非选择性培养基用于胃活检中幽门螺杆菌培养的比较评估。
论文作者： Tee, W; Fairley, S; Smallwood, R; Dwyer, B
英文摘要： Plating on solid media is the standard technique used in most laboratories for the isolation of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies. Recently, various selective media were developed for this purpose. We compared and evaluated three selective media, Skirrow's, Dent's CP, and modified Glupczynski's Brussels campylobacter charcoal media, and chocolate agar medium for the isolation of H. pylori. Gastric biopsies taken from a total of 203 patients were plated in parallel on all four media. An isolation rate of 51% (104 of 203) was obtained with a combination of all four media. Of the 104, 92 (88%) were positive with Dent's medium and with modified Glupczynski's medium. Skirrow's medium gave the highest isolation rate, 96% (100 of 104). However, growth of H. pylori was scant (only one to five colonies) when growth occurred on Skirrow's medium alone. Overall, modified Glupczynski's medium provided significantly heavier growth. Chocolate agar medium yielded a 76% (79 of 104) positivity rate. We recommend the use of a combination of two selective media for the maximum recovery of H. pylori from antral biopsies.
中文摘要： 在固体培养基上铺板是大多数实验室中用于从胃活检中隔离幽门螺杆菌的标准技术。最近，为此目的开发了各种选择性培养基。我们比较并评估了三种选择性培养基，即Skirrow，Dent的CP和改良的Glupczynski的布鲁塞尔弯曲杆菌木炭培养基以及巧克力琼脂培养基，以隔离幽门螺杆菌。将取自总共203名患者的胃活组织检查平行铺板在所有四种培养基上。用所有四种介质的组合获得51% 的隔离速率 (203的104)。在104个中，有92个 (88%) 在Dent的培养基和改良的Glupczynski的培养基中呈阳性。Skirrow的培养基的隔离率最高，为96% (104的100)。然而，当仅在Skirrow培养基上生长时，幽门螺旋杆菌的生长很少 (只有一到五个菌落)。总体而言，改良的Glupczynski培养基提供了明显更重的生长。巧克力琼脂培养基产生76% (104个中的79个) 阳性率。我们建议使用两种选择性介质的组合，以从胃窦活检中最大程度地回收幽门螺杆菌。
发表日期： 1991 Nov
英文标题： Cloning and sequencing of a multigene family encoding the flagellins of Methanococcus voltae.[全文]
中文标题： 编码甲烷球菌鞭毛蛋白的多基因家族的克隆和测序。
论文作者： Kalmokoff, M L; Jarrell, K F
英文摘要： The flagellins of Methanococcus voltae are encoded by a multigene family of four related genes (flaA, flaB1, flaB2, and flaB3). All four genes map within the same region of the genome, with the last three arranged in a direct tandem. Northern (RNA) blot and primer extension analyses of total cellular RNA indicate that all four genes are transcribed. The flaB1, flaB2, and flaB3 flagellins are transcribed as part of a large polycistronic message which encodes at least one more protein which is not a flagellin. An intercistronic stem-loop followed by a poly(T) tract located between the flaB2 and flaB3 genes appears to increase the resistance of the flaB1/flaB2 portion of this polycistronic message to digestion by endogenous RNases. The flaA gene, located approximately 600 bp upstream from the tandem, is transcribed as a separate message at very low levels. The four open reading frames encode proteins of molecular weights 23,900, 22,400, 22,800, and 25,500, much less than the Mr values of 33,000 and 31,000 for the flagellins calculated from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of isolated flagellar filaments. Each flagellin contains multiple eukaryotic glycosylation signals (Arg-X-Ser/Thr), although they do not appear to be glycoproteins, and each has an 11- or 12-amino-acid leader peptide. The N termini of all four flagellins (amino acids 1 through 47 of the mature protein) are very hydrophobic, and this region shows a high degree of homology with the flagellins from Halobacterium halobium.Images: FIG. 1FIG. 7FIG. 8
中文摘要： 甲烷球菌的鞭毛蛋白由四个相关基因 (flaA，flaB1，flaB2和flaB3) 的多基因家族编码。所有四个基因均位于基因组的同一区域内，最后三个基因以直接串联排列。总细胞RNA的Northern (RNA) 印迹和引物延伸分析表明所有四个基因均被转录。flaB1、flaB2和flaB3鞭毛蛋白作为大的多顺反子信息的一部分被转录，该信息编码至少一种不是鞭毛蛋白的蛋白质。位于flaB2和flaB3基因之间的顺反子茎环和随后的多聚 (T) 束似乎增加了该多顺反子信息的flaB1/flaB2部分对内源性rna酶消化的抵抗力。位于串联上游约600 bp的flaA基因以非常低的水平转录为单独的信息。四个开放阅读框编码分子量为23,900，22,400，22,800和25,500的蛋白质，远小于从分离的鞭毛细丝的十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳计算出的鞭毛蛋白的33,000和31,000的Mr值。每个鞭毛蛋白包含多个真核糖基化信号 (arg-x-ser/Thr)，尽管它们似乎不是糖蛋白，并且每个鞭毛蛋白具有11个或12个氨基酸的前导肽。所有四种鞭毛蛋白的N末端 (成熟蛋白的氨基酸1至47) 是非常疏水的，并且该区域显示出与来自卤杆菌的鞭毛蛋白的高度同源性。1图。7图。8
发表日期： 1991 Nov
英文标题： In vitro binding of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucin.[全文]
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌与人胃粘蛋白的体外结合。
论文作者： Tzouvelekis, L S; Mentis, A F; Makris, A M; Spiliadis, C; Blackwell, C; Weir, D M
英文摘要： The in vitro binding of four Helicobacter pylori strains to human gastric mucin was studied with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All four strains were found to bind to purified mucin. Neuraminidase treatment and nonspecific oxidation of mucin decreased bacterial adherence to the macromolecule. Mucin preparations were also found to inhibit attachment of H. pylori to HEp-2 monolayers.
中文摘要： 用酶联免疫吸附试验研究了四种幽门螺杆菌菌株与人胃粘蛋白的体外结合。发现所有四种菌株都与纯化的粘蛋白结合。神经氨酸酶处理和粘蛋白的非特异性氧化降低了细菌对大分子的粘附。还发现粘蛋白制剂抑制幽门螺杆菌与HEp-2单层的附着。
发表日期： 1991 Nov
中文标题： 幽门螺杆菌相关的高胃泌素血症是由于细菌的尿素酶活性还是胃窦炎？
论文作者： Chittajallu, R S; Dorrian, C A; Neithercut, W D; Dahill, S; McColl, K E
英文摘要： Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is associated with a fall in serum gastrin but the way in which the infection raises the serum gastrin concentration is not clear. It may be related to the ammonia produced by the bacterium's urease stimulating gastrin release by the antral G cells. Alternatively, the antral gastritis induced by the infection may modify the regulation of gastrin release. We have examined serum gastrin in 10 patients before and 24 hours after starting triple anti-H pylori treatment consisting of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 120 mg four times daily, metronidazole 400 mg three times daily, and amoxycillin 500 mg three times daily. The urease activity, assessed by the 20 minute value of the 14C-urea breath test, fell from a median of 176 (range 116-504) kg% dose/mmol CO2 x 100 pretreatment to 5 (2-15) at 24 hours (p less than 0.005). The median antral gastritis score was 6 (4-6) pretreatment and fell to 3 (2-5) at 24 hours (p less than 0.02), and this was due to resolution of the polymorphonuclear component. Despite this complete suppression of bacterial urease activity and partial resolution of antral gastritis the median basal gastrin concentration remained unchanged, being 57 ng/l (45-77) pretreatment and 59 ng/l (45-80) at 24 hours and the median integrated gastrin response to a standardised meal was also unaltered, being 4265 ng/l/min (range 1975-8350) and 4272 ng/l/min (range 2075-6495) respectively. These findings do not support a causal association between H pylori urease activity and hypergastrinaemia and show rapid improvement of antral gastritis after starting anti-H pylori treatment.
中文摘要： 根除幽门螺杆菌与血清胃泌素的下降有关，但感染提高血清胃泌素浓度的方式尚不清楚。可能与细菌的脲酶刺激胃窦G细胞释放胃泌素产生的氨有关。或者，由感染引起的胃窦炎可能会改变胃泌素释放的调节。我们已经在开始三重抗幽门螺杆菌治疗之前和之后24小时检查了10例患者的血清胃泌素，其中包括每天四次的双硝双钾铋酸三钾120 mg，每天三次的甲硝唑400 mg和每天三次的阿莫西林500 mg。通过14c-尿素呼气试验的20分钟值评估的脲酶活性从治疗100的中值176 (范围116-504) kg % 剂量/mmol CO2 x治疗24小时降至5 (2-15) (p小于0.005)。胃窦炎的中位评分为6 (4-6)，在24小时时降至3 (2-5) (p小于0.02)，这是由于多形核成分的消退。尽管完全抑制了细菌尿素酶的活性并部分消除了胃窦炎，但中位基础胃泌素浓度保持不变，预处理为57 ng/l (45-77)，24小时为59 ng/l (45-80)，并且中位积分胃泌素对标准化餐的反应也没有改变。4265 ng/l/min (范围1975-8350)和4272 ng/l/min (范围2075-6495) 分别。这些发现不支持幽门螺杆菌脲酶活性与高胃泌素血症之间的因果关系，并且显示在开始抗幽门螺杆菌治疗后胃窦炎迅速改善。
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